Weapons:Dagger: Difference between revisions

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(Replaced content with "<table border="1"> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>A+</th> <th>D+</th> <th>I+</th> <th>Damage</th> <th>Penetration</th> <th>Size</th> <th>Reach</th> <th>Weight</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Dagger</td> <td>+3</td> <td>0</td> <td>+3</td> <td>4 Impaling</td> <td>15mm</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0.5kg</td> </tr> </table> {{#set: |abonus=+3 |ibonus=+3 |dbonus=0 |dam=4 Impaling |pen=15mm |size=0 |reach=0 |we...")
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[[Category:Melee]]
[[Category:Melee]]
[[Category:Dagger]]
[[Category:Dagger]]
{{More footnotes needed|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name              = Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife
| image              = Fairbairn-Sykes fighting knife (colour4).jpg
| image_size        = 300
| caption            = F-S fighting knife – ring grip pattern
| origin            = United Kingdom
| type              = [[Dagger]]
<!-- Type selection -->
| is_bladed          = Yes
<!-- Service history -->
| service            = 1941–present
| used_by            = See Users
| wars              = [[World War II]] – present
<!-- Production history -->
| designer          = [[William E. Fairbairn|William Ewart Fairbairn]] and [[Eric A. Sykes|Eric Anthony Sykes]]
| design_date        = 1941
| manufacturer      = [[Wilkinson Sword Ltd]]
| unit_cost          =
| production_date    = 1941
| number            =
| variants          =
<!-- General specifications -->
| length            = {{convert|11.5|in|cm}}
| part_length        = {{convert|7|in|cm}}
<!-- Bladed weapon specifications -->
| blade_type        = Dagger
| hilt_type          = Metal
| sheath_type        = Metal
| head_type          = Metal
| haft_type          = Metal
}}
[[File:Fmfrp 12 80 p69.png|thumb|F-S fighting knife diagram from FMFRP 12-80, ''Kill or Get Killed'', by [[Rex Applegate]], who worked with Fairbairn]]
The '''Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife''' is a double-edged [[fighting knife]] resembling a [[dagger]] or [[poignard]] with a [[Foil (fencing)|foil]] grip. It was developed by [[William E. Fairbairn|William Ewart Fairbairn]] and [[Eric A. Sykes|Eric Anthony Sykes]] in [[Shanghai]] based on ideas that the two men had while serving on the [[Shanghai Municipal Police]] in China before World War II.
The F-S fighting knife was made famous during World War II when issued to [[British Commandos]], the Airborne Forces, the [[Special Air Service|SAS]] and many other units, especially for the [[Normandy landings]] in June 1944. With its acutely tapered, sharply pointed blade, the F-S fighting knife is frequently described as a [[stiletto]], a weapon optimised for thrusting,Dunlop, Richard (1991). ''Behind Japanese Lines: With the OSS in Burma'', New York: Time Life Co.,  "Fairbairn had invented a stiletto as precise as a surgeon's scalpel. He wielded it with a flashing, slashing vigor that invariably proved fatal to an opponent. 'Why is it so long and thin?' I asked him one day in a question period during my own course of instruction. 'It doesn't have a cutting edge.' 'It doesn't leave any marks on the body,' he replied. 'Scarcely more than a tiny drop of blood.{{'"}} although the F-S knife can be used to inflict slash cuts upon an opponent when its cutting edges are sharpened according to specification. The [[Wilkinson Sword]] Company made the knife with minor [[Hilt#Pommel|pommel]] and grip design variations.
==History==
The F-S knife is strongly associated with the British commandos and the US [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS) and [[Marine Raiders]] (who based their issued [[United States Marine Raider stiletto|knife]] on the Fairbairn-Sykes), among other special forces. It features in the insignia of the British [[3 Commando Brigade]], the Belgian Commandos, the Dutch [[Korps Commandotroepen|Commando Corps]] (founded in the UK during World War II), and of the Australian 1st Commando and 2nd Commando Regiments and [[United States Army Rangers]] (all founded with the help of the British Commandos). Large numbers of Fairbairn Sykes knives of varying types, including some with wooden grips, were used by the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division that landed on Juno Beach on "D" Day and by the men of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion. A solid gold F-S fighting knife is part of the commandos' memorial at Westminster Abbey.
The first batch of 50 F-S fighting knives was produced in January 1941 by Wilkinson Sword Ltd. Fairbairn and Sykes had travelled to their factory from the Special Training Centre at [[Lochailort]] in November 1940 to discuss their ideas for a fighting knife.Allan, Stuart (2007). ''Commando Country''. Edinburgh: National Museums Scotland. {{ISBN|978-1-905267-14-9}}.
A batch of 1500 knives of this first pattern was ordered in Nov 1940. An order for 38,000 of the second pattern (slightly revised for wartime exigencies) followed in 1941. By the time of the third pattern of design refinements (dating from October 1943) the knife was being produced by several manufacturers. No formal specification existed until after the war, but the 1949 UK government specification E/1323E remains current.
In December 2019, an [[Special Boat Service|SBS]] commando in Afghanistan used an F-S knife during an ambush by ISIL fighters.
==Design==
[[File:Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife, Fort William.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife at Fort William Museum]]
The F-S fighting knife was designed for surprise attack and fighting, with a slender blade that can easily penetrate a [[rib]]cage. Grip is provided by a vase handle, and the blade's slender, sharp-pointed blade is designed for use as a fighting knife. Fairbairn's rationale is in his book ''Get Tough!'' (1942).
<blockquote>
In close-quarters fighting there is no more deadly weapon than the knife. In choosing a knife there are two important factors to bear in mind: balance and keenness. The hilt should fit easily in your hand, and the blade should not be so heavy that it tends to drag the hilt from your fingers in a loose grip. It is essential that the blade have a sharp stabbing point and good cutting edges, because an artery torn through (as against a clean cut) tends to contract and stop the bleeding. If a main artery is cleanly severed, the wounded man will quickly lose consciousness and die.
</blockquote>
The Fairbairn-Sykes was produced in several patterns. The Shanghai knife on which it was based was about {{convert|5.5|in|cm|abbr=on}} long in the blade. First-pattern knives have a {{convert|6.5|in|cm|abbr=on}} blade with a flat area, or [[ricasso]], at the top of the blade under the S-shaped [[crossguard]]; this was not present on the original design and its presence has not been explained by the manufacturers. Second-pattern knives have a slightly longer blade (just less than {{convert|7|in|cm|abbr=on}}), {{convert|2|in|cm|abbr=on}}-wide oval crossguard, [[Knurling|knurled]] pattern grip, and rounded ball, and may be stamped "ENGLAND" (a US legal requirement when importing the surplus knives after WWII) on the handle side of the cross guard. Some may also be stamped with a "[[broad arrow]]" British issue mark and a number (e.g., 21) on the opposite handle side of the cross guard. Third-pattern knives also have a similarly sized seven-inch blade, but the handle was redesigned to be a ringed grip. This ringed grip is reputed to have disappointed one of the original designers as it unbalanced the weapon and made harder to hold when wet, but it was used by the manufacturers as it was simple to produce and could be cast from a cheaper and more plentiful alloy instead of using up quantities of scarce brass stock. William Rodgers, as part of the Egginton Group, produce an all-black "sterile" version of the knife, devoid of any markings showing maker for NATO use.<ref>{{cite web |last1=All Black Commando Knife |title=Also available as NATO Stock Number 1095 99 963 2037 |url=https://www.eggintongroup.co.uk/brands/william-rodgers/military-knives/all-black-commando-knife.html |website=Eggington Group |access-date=5 August 2021}}</ref>
The length of the blade was chosen to give several inches of blade to penetrate the body after passing through the {{convert|3|in|cm|abbr=on}} of the thickest clothing expected to be worn in the war, that of {{clarification needed span|text=Soviet [[greatcoat]]s.|reason= The Soviets were the allies of Great Britain during the Second World War. Such a claim demands a valid citation.|date=October 2023}} Later production runs of the F-S fighting knife have a blade length that is about {{convert|7.5|in|cm|abbr=on}}.
In all cases the handle had a distinctive [[Foil (fencing)|foil]]-like grip to enable a number of handling options. Many variations on the F-S fighting knife exist, in size of blade and particularly of handle. The design has influenced the design of knives throughout the period since its introduction.
==Copies==
Because of the success of the Fairbairn-Sykes knife in World War II and in the wars in [[Korean War|Korea]] and [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]], many companies made their own versions of the F-S fighting knife.
Almost two million of the British knives were made. Early production runs were extremely limited and demand was high, with many British troops attempting to buy their own.
===OSS version===
[[File:Fairbairn-Sykes Fighting Knife - Flickr - The Central Intelligence Agency.jpg|thumb|OSS knife and its distinctive scabbard (Collection of the CIA Museum)]]
The US [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS) stiletto was a double-edged knife based on the Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife. It was so admired that the US military created several other fighting knives based on it. The OSS's knife manufacturing bid was approximately one-fifteenth of the British equivalent, but the US version of the knife, manufactured by Landers, Frary & Clark, of New Britain, Connecticut, was improperly tempered and inferior to the British F-S fighting knife in materials and workmanship. Its reputation suffered accordingly.<ref name="CAS"/> A total of 20,000 units of the OSS version were produced. The OSS dagger was officially replaced in service in 1944 by the US [[M3 fighting knife]].<ref>Chambers, John W., ''OSS Training in the National Parks and Service Abroad in World War II'', Washington, DC, US National Park Service (2008), p. 191.</ref> The scabbard for the OSS stiletto looks like a pancake spatula, a design that can be worn high or low on the belt, or angled either left or right. In theory this gave a very adaptable mounting system, but the metal belt attachment risked injury to those wearing it, especially parachutists during airborne operations.
==V42 and smatchet==
General [[Robert T. Frederick]] of the [[Devil's Brigade]] (First Special Service Force) is credited with a similar weapon, the ''Fighting Commando Knife, Type V-42'', better known as the [[V-42 stiletto]], itself a derivation of the F-S design. The V-42 was manufactured by [[W. R. Case & Sons Cutlery Co.]] in the US {{circa|1942}}–43 and is distinguished mainly by its markings and the presence of a small, scored indentation for the wielder's thumb, to aid in orienting the knife for thrusting. Fairbairn has been given full or partial credit for the design of several other fighting knives, including the ''[[smatchet]]''.
==Users==
[[File:911st Para Comando on USS Essex.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Member of the Cambodian 911 ParaCommando on USS ''Essex'' with  a F-S commando dagger on his webbing belt.]]
<!-- READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you. -->
===Current===
* {{flagcountry|Indonesia}}: [[Kopassus]]{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=60}}
* {{flagcountry|Malaysia}}: [[Grup Gerak Khas]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rojakdaily.com/news/article/4546/meet-the-group-of-tough-people-who-are-secretly-keeping-you-safe |title=Meet the Group of Tough People Who Are Secretly Keeping You Safe &#124; News &#124; Rojak Daily |access-date=2021-02-18 |archive-date=2020-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812154659/https://rojakdaily.com/news/article/4546/meet-the-group-of-tough-people-who-are-secretly-keeping-you-safe |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Singapore}}: [[Commandos (Singapore Army)|Singapore Armed Forces Commandos]]{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=61}}
* {{flagcountry|Spain}}: FS knife clones made for Spanish airborne soldiers{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=61}}
===Former===
* {{flagcountry|Australia}}: Some used by Australian soldiers in the Vietnam War.{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=61}}
* {{flagcountry|Canada}}: Formerly used by [[First Special Service Force]].{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=77}}
* {{flagcountry|France}}: Formerly used by [[French Resistance]] fighters.{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=43}}
* {{flagcountry|Ghana}}: 250 FS knives ordered between 1969 and 1979.{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=60}}
* {{flagcountry|Kenya}}: 500 FS knives ordered.{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=60}}
* {{flagcountry|Netherlands}}: 400 FS knives ordered in 1961.{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=60}}
* {{flagcountry|Nigeria}}: 300 FS knives ordered.{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=60}}
* {{flagcountry|Norway}}: 450 FS knives ordered in 1962.{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=60}}
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}: Formerly used by the SAS,{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=75}} the [[Special Service Brigade]],{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=72}} the [[Chindits]],{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=75}} [[Special Boat Service|SBS]],{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=76}} and the [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)]].{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=76}} The knife continues to be represented in the insignia of [[3 Commando Brigade]]<ref>{{cite web |title=New commando uniform for Royal Marines |url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2020/june/27/200626-royal-marines-new-uniform |website=royalnavy.mod.uk |publisher=[[Royal Navy]] |access-date=10 December 2023 |date=27 June 2020}}</ref> and, more recently, the [[Army Special Operations Brigade]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Introducing the Army’s latest cap badge: Ranger Regiment |url=https://www.army.mod.uk/news-and-events/news/2021/11/ranger-regiment-cap-badge/ |website=army.mod.uk |publisher=[[British Army]] |access-date=10 December 2023 |date=25 November 2021}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|United States}}: Some used during the Vietnam War by some [[United States Army Special Forces]] soldiers.{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=61}} Formerly used by [[United States Army Rangers]],{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=77}} [[Marine Raiders]],{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=77}} and the [[First Special Service Force]].{{sfnp|Thompson|2011|p=77}}
==See also==
* [[Applegate–Fairbairn fighting knife]]
* [[BC-41]]
* [[Pattern 1907 bayonet]]
* [[V-42 stiletto]]
==External links==
* [http://www.gotavapen.se/gota/artiklar/fs/fs_knife1.htm Fighting knives used by British commandos and SOE during WW2]
* [http://www.fairbairnsykesfightingknives.com/ The Fairbairn Sykes Fighting Knives]
{{Knives}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fairbairn-Sykes fighting knife}}
[[Category:Daggers]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons]]
[[Category:Royal Marines]]
[[Category:Military knives]]
[[Category:World War II military equipment of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War II military equipment of the United States]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1941]]


{{CCA}}
{{CCA}}

Latest revision as of 11:50, 26 June 2024

Name A+ D+ I+ Damage Penetration Size Reach Weight
Dagger +3 0 +3 4 Impaling 15mm 0 0 0.5kg


Description: Compact and lethal, the dagger is perfect for stealthy strikes and can be easily concealed, making it a favorite in both civilian and military contexts.

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