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...la and Ferdinand’s rule and sets the stage for Ottoman-Spanish dynamics in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. ...ring the reign of **Isabella I of Castile (1474–1504)** and **Ferdinand II of Aragon (1479–1516)**:

...rilous tightrope between serving powerful rulers and remaining faithful to the Hermetic Code (or equivalent magical strictures). |Name=Isabella of Castile

{{Short description|King of Aragon from 1479 to 1516}} | alt = Painting of King Ferdinand

{{distinguish|Crown of Castile}} |conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Castile

{{Short description|Queen of Castile and León from 1474 to 1504}} ...I|Isabella of Castile|other uses|Isabella I (disambiguation)|and|Isabella of Castile (disambiguation)}}

{{See also|Renaissance of the 12th century}} ...age:East-Hem 1100ad.jpg|thumb|277px|Eastern Hemisphere at the beginning of the 12th century]]

...depending on the reckoning used (the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582).<ref name="NASA's lunar eclipse catalogue"/> The 16th century is regarded by historians as the century which saw the rise of [[Western culture|Western civilization]].